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- # mako/_ast_util.py
- # Copyright (C) 2006-2016 the Mako authors and contributors <see AUTHORS file>
- #
- # This module is part of Mako and is released under
- # the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
- """
- ast
- ~~~
- The `ast` module helps Python applications to process trees of the Python
- abstract syntax grammar. The abstract syntax itself might change with
- each Python release; this module helps to find out programmatically what
- the current grammar looks like and allows modifications of it.
- An abstract syntax tree can be generated by passing `ast.PyCF_ONLY_AST` as
- a flag to the `compile()` builtin function or by using the `parse()`
- function from this module. The result will be a tree of objects whose
- classes all inherit from `ast.AST`.
- A modified abstract syntax tree can be compiled into a Python code object
- using the built-in `compile()` function.
- Additionally various helper functions are provided that make working with
- the trees simpler. The main intention of the helper functions and this
- module in general is to provide an easy to use interface for libraries
- that work tightly with the python syntax (template engines for example).
- :copyright: Copyright 2008 by Armin Ronacher.
- :license: Python License.
- """
- from _ast import * # noqa
- from mako.compat import arg_stringname
- BOOLOP_SYMBOLS = {
- And: 'and',
- Or: 'or'
- }
- BINOP_SYMBOLS = {
- Add: '+',
- Sub: '-',
- Mult: '*',
- Div: '/',
- FloorDiv: '//',
- Mod: '%',
- LShift: '<<',
- RShift: '>>',
- BitOr: '|',
- BitAnd: '&',
- BitXor: '^'
- }
- CMPOP_SYMBOLS = {
- Eq: '==',
- Gt: '>',
- GtE: '>=',
- In: 'in',
- Is: 'is',
- IsNot: 'is not',
- Lt: '<',
- LtE: '<=',
- NotEq: '!=',
- NotIn: 'not in'
- }
- UNARYOP_SYMBOLS = {
- Invert: '~',
- Not: 'not',
- UAdd: '+',
- USub: '-'
- }
- ALL_SYMBOLS = {}
- ALL_SYMBOLS.update(BOOLOP_SYMBOLS)
- ALL_SYMBOLS.update(BINOP_SYMBOLS)
- ALL_SYMBOLS.update(CMPOP_SYMBOLS)
- ALL_SYMBOLS.update(UNARYOP_SYMBOLS)
- def parse(expr, filename='<unknown>', mode='exec'):
- """Parse an expression into an AST node."""
- return compile(expr, filename, mode, PyCF_ONLY_AST)
- def to_source(node, indent_with=' ' * 4):
- """
- This function can convert a node tree back into python sourcecode. This
- is useful for debugging purposes, especially if you're dealing with custom
- asts not generated by python itself.
- It could be that the sourcecode is evaluable when the AST itself is not
- compilable / evaluable. The reason for this is that the AST contains some
- more data than regular sourcecode does, which is dropped during
- conversion.
- Each level of indentation is replaced with `indent_with`. Per default this
- parameter is equal to four spaces as suggested by PEP 8, but it might be
- adjusted to match the application's styleguide.
- """
- generator = SourceGenerator(indent_with)
- generator.visit(node)
- return ''.join(generator.result)
- def dump(node):
- """
- A very verbose representation of the node passed. This is useful for
- debugging purposes.
- """
- def _format(node):
- if isinstance(node, AST):
- return '%s(%s)' % (node.__class__.__name__,
- ', '.join('%s=%s' % (a, _format(b))
- for a, b in iter_fields(node)))
- elif isinstance(node, list):
- return '[%s]' % ', '.join(_format(x) for x in node)
- return repr(node)
- if not isinstance(node, AST):
- raise TypeError('expected AST, got %r' % node.__class__.__name__)
- return _format(node)
- def copy_location(new_node, old_node):
- """
- Copy the source location hint (`lineno` and `col_offset`) from the
- old to the new node if possible and return the new one.
- """
- for attr in 'lineno', 'col_offset':
- if attr in old_node._attributes and attr in new_node._attributes \
- and hasattr(old_node, attr):
- setattr(new_node, attr, getattr(old_node, attr))
- return new_node
- def fix_missing_locations(node):
- """
- Some nodes require a line number and the column offset. Without that
- information the compiler will abort the compilation. Because it can be
- a dull task to add appropriate line numbers and column offsets when
- adding new nodes this function can help. It copies the line number and
- column offset of the parent node to the child nodes without this
- information.
- Unlike `copy_location` this works recursive and won't touch nodes that
- already have a location information.
- """
- def _fix(node, lineno, col_offset):
- if 'lineno' in node._attributes:
- if not hasattr(node, 'lineno'):
- node.lineno = lineno
- else:
- lineno = node.lineno
- if 'col_offset' in node._attributes:
- if not hasattr(node, 'col_offset'):
- node.col_offset = col_offset
- else:
- col_offset = node.col_offset
- for child in iter_child_nodes(node):
- _fix(child, lineno, col_offset)
- _fix(node, 1, 0)
- return node
- def increment_lineno(node, n=1):
- """
- Increment the line numbers of all nodes by `n` if they have line number
- attributes. This is useful to "move code" to a different location in a
- file.
- """
- for node in zip((node,), walk(node)):
- if 'lineno' in node._attributes:
- node.lineno = getattr(node, 'lineno', 0) + n
- def iter_fields(node):
- """Iterate over all fields of a node, only yielding existing fields."""
- # CPython 2.5 compat
- if not hasattr(node, '_fields') or not node._fields:
- return
- for field in node._fields:
- try:
- yield field, getattr(node, field)
- except AttributeError:
- pass
- def get_fields(node):
- """Like `iter_fiels` but returns a dict."""
- return dict(iter_fields(node))
- def iter_child_nodes(node):
- """Iterate over all child nodes or a node."""
- for name, field in iter_fields(node):
- if isinstance(field, AST):
- yield field
- elif isinstance(field, list):
- for item in field:
- if isinstance(item, AST):
- yield item
- def get_child_nodes(node):
- """Like `iter_child_nodes` but returns a list."""
- return list(iter_child_nodes(node))
- def get_compile_mode(node):
- """
- Get the mode for `compile` of a given node. If the node is not a `mod`
- node (`Expression`, `Module` etc.) a `TypeError` is thrown.
- """
- if not isinstance(node, mod):
- raise TypeError('expected mod node, got %r' % node.__class__.__name__)
- return {
- Expression: 'eval',
- Interactive: 'single'
- }.get(node.__class__, 'expr')
- def get_docstring(node):
- """
- Return the docstring for the given node or `None` if no docstring can be
- found. If the node provided does not accept docstrings a `TypeError`
- will be raised.
- """
- if not isinstance(node, (FunctionDef, ClassDef, Module)):
- raise TypeError("%r can't have docstrings" % node.__class__.__name__)
- if node.body and isinstance(node.body[0], Str):
- return node.body[0].s
- def walk(node):
- """
- Iterate over all nodes. This is useful if you only want to modify nodes in
- place and don't care about the context or the order the nodes are returned.
- """
- from collections import deque
- todo = deque([node])
- while todo:
- node = todo.popleft()
- todo.extend(iter_child_nodes(node))
- yield node
- class NodeVisitor(object):
- """
- Walks the abstract syntax tree and call visitor functions for every node
- found. The visitor functions may return values which will be forwarded
- by the `visit` method.
- Per default the visitor functions for the nodes are ``'visit_'`` +
- class name of the node. So a `TryFinally` node visit function would
- be `visit_TryFinally`. This behavior can be changed by overriding
- the `get_visitor` function. If no visitor function exists for a node
- (return value `None`) the `generic_visit` visitor is used instead.
- Don't use the `NodeVisitor` if you want to apply changes to nodes during
- traversing. For this a special visitor exists (`NodeTransformer`) that
- allows modifications.
- """
- def get_visitor(self, node):
- """
- Return the visitor function for this node or `None` if no visitor
- exists for this node. In that case the generic visit function is
- used instead.
- """
- method = 'visit_' + node.__class__.__name__
- return getattr(self, method, None)
- def visit(self, node):
- """Visit a node."""
- f = self.get_visitor(node)
- if f is not None:
- return f(node)
- return self.generic_visit(node)
- def generic_visit(self, node):
- """Called if no explicit visitor function exists for a node."""
- for field, value in iter_fields(node):
- if isinstance(value, list):
- for item in value:
- if isinstance(item, AST):
- self.visit(item)
- elif isinstance(value, AST):
- self.visit(value)
- class NodeTransformer(NodeVisitor):
- """
- Walks the abstract syntax tree and allows modifications of nodes.
- The `NodeTransformer` will walk the AST and use the return value of the
- visitor functions to replace or remove the old node. If the return
- value of the visitor function is `None` the node will be removed
- from the previous location otherwise it's replaced with the return
- value. The return value may be the original node in which case no
- replacement takes place.
- Here an example transformer that rewrites all `foo` to `data['foo']`::
- class RewriteName(NodeTransformer):
- def visit_Name(self, node):
- return copy_location(Subscript(
- value=Name(id='data', ctx=Load()),
- slice=Index(value=Str(s=node.id)),
- ctx=node.ctx
- ), node)
- Keep in mind that if the node you're operating on has child nodes
- you must either transform the child nodes yourself or call the generic
- visit function for the node first.
- Nodes that were part of a collection of statements (that applies to
- all statement nodes) may also return a list of nodes rather than just
- a single node.
- Usually you use the transformer like this::
- node = YourTransformer().visit(node)
- """
- def generic_visit(self, node):
- for field, old_value in iter_fields(node):
- old_value = getattr(node, field, None)
- if isinstance(old_value, list):
- new_values = []
- for value in old_value:
- if isinstance(value, AST):
- value = self.visit(value)
- if value is None:
- continue
- elif not isinstance(value, AST):
- new_values.extend(value)
- continue
- new_values.append(value)
- old_value[:] = new_values
- elif isinstance(old_value, AST):
- new_node = self.visit(old_value)
- if new_node is None:
- delattr(node, field)
- else:
- setattr(node, field, new_node)
- return node
- class SourceGenerator(NodeVisitor):
- """
- This visitor is able to transform a well formed syntax tree into python
- sourcecode. For more details have a look at the docstring of the
- `node_to_source` function.
- """
- def __init__(self, indent_with):
- self.result = []
- self.indent_with = indent_with
- self.indentation = 0
- self.new_lines = 0
- def write(self, x):
- if self.new_lines:
- if self.result:
- self.result.append('\n' * self.new_lines)
- self.result.append(self.indent_with * self.indentation)
- self.new_lines = 0
- self.result.append(x)
- def newline(self, n=1):
- self.new_lines = max(self.new_lines, n)
- def body(self, statements):
- self.new_line = True
- self.indentation += 1
- for stmt in statements:
- self.visit(stmt)
- self.indentation -= 1
- def body_or_else(self, node):
- self.body(node.body)
- if node.orelse:
- self.newline()
- self.write('else:')
- self.body(node.orelse)
- def signature(self, node):
- want_comma = []
- def write_comma():
- if want_comma:
- self.write(', ')
- else:
- want_comma.append(True)
- padding = [None] * (len(node.args) - len(node.defaults))
- for arg, default in zip(node.args, padding + node.defaults):
- write_comma()
- self.visit(arg)
- if default is not None:
- self.write('=')
- self.visit(default)
- if node.vararg is not None:
- write_comma()
- self.write('*' + arg_stringname(node.vararg))
- if node.kwarg is not None:
- write_comma()
- self.write('**' + arg_stringname(node.kwarg))
- def decorators(self, node):
- for decorator in node.decorator_list:
- self.newline()
- self.write('@')
- self.visit(decorator)
- # Statements
- def visit_Assign(self, node):
- self.newline()
- for idx, target in enumerate(node.targets):
- if idx:
- self.write(', ')
- self.visit(target)
- self.write(' = ')
- self.visit(node.value)
- def visit_AugAssign(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.visit(node.target)
- self.write(BINOP_SYMBOLS[type(node.op)] + '=')
- self.visit(node.value)
- def visit_ImportFrom(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('from %s%s import ' % ('.' * node.level, node.module))
- for idx, item in enumerate(node.names):
- if idx:
- self.write(', ')
- self.write(item)
- def visit_Import(self, node):
- self.newline()
- for item in node.names:
- self.write('import ')
- self.visit(item)
- def visit_Expr(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.generic_visit(node)
- def visit_FunctionDef(self, node):
- self.newline(n=2)
- self.decorators(node)
- self.newline()
- self.write('def %s(' % node.name)
- self.signature(node.args)
- self.write('):')
- self.body(node.body)
- def visit_ClassDef(self, node):
- have_args = []
- def paren_or_comma():
- if have_args:
- self.write(', ')
- else:
- have_args.append(True)
- self.write('(')
- self.newline(n=3)
- self.decorators(node)
- self.newline()
- self.write('class %s' % node.name)
- for base in node.bases:
- paren_or_comma()
- self.visit(base)
- # XXX: the if here is used to keep this module compatible
- # with python 2.6.
- if hasattr(node, 'keywords'):
- for keyword in node.keywords:
- paren_or_comma()
- self.write(keyword.arg + '=')
- self.visit(keyword.value)
- if getattr(node, "starargs", None):
- paren_or_comma()
- self.write('*')
- self.visit(node.starargs)
- if getattr(node, "kwargs", None):
- paren_or_comma()
- self.write('**')
- self.visit(node.kwargs)
- self.write(have_args and '):' or ':')
- self.body(node.body)
- def visit_If(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('if ')
- self.visit(node.test)
- self.write(':')
- self.body(node.body)
- while True:
- else_ = node.orelse
- if len(else_) == 1 and isinstance(else_[0], If):
- node = else_[0]
- self.newline()
- self.write('elif ')
- self.visit(node.test)
- self.write(':')
- self.body(node.body)
- else:
- self.newline()
- self.write('else:')
- self.body(else_)
- break
- def visit_For(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('for ')
- self.visit(node.target)
- self.write(' in ')
- self.visit(node.iter)
- self.write(':')
- self.body_or_else(node)
- def visit_While(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('while ')
- self.visit(node.test)
- self.write(':')
- self.body_or_else(node)
- def visit_With(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('with ')
- self.visit(node.context_expr)
- if node.optional_vars is not None:
- self.write(' as ')
- self.visit(node.optional_vars)
- self.write(':')
- self.body(node.body)
- def visit_Pass(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('pass')
- def visit_Print(self, node):
- # XXX: python 2.6 only
- self.newline()
- self.write('print ')
- want_comma = False
- if node.dest is not None:
- self.write(' >> ')
- self.visit(node.dest)
- want_comma = True
- for value in node.values:
- if want_comma:
- self.write(', ')
- self.visit(value)
- want_comma = True
- if not node.nl:
- self.write(',')
- def visit_Delete(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('del ')
- for idx, target in enumerate(node):
- if idx:
- self.write(', ')
- self.visit(target)
- def visit_TryExcept(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('try:')
- self.body(node.body)
- for handler in node.handlers:
- self.visit(handler)
- def visit_TryFinally(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('try:')
- self.body(node.body)
- self.newline()
- self.write('finally:')
- self.body(node.finalbody)
- def visit_Global(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('global ' + ', '.join(node.names))
- def visit_Nonlocal(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('nonlocal ' + ', '.join(node.names))
- def visit_Return(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('return ')
- self.visit(node.value)
- def visit_Break(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('break')
- def visit_Continue(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('continue')
- def visit_Raise(self, node):
- # XXX: Python 2.6 / 3.0 compatibility
- self.newline()
- self.write('raise')
- if hasattr(node, 'exc') and node.exc is not None:
- self.write(' ')
- self.visit(node.exc)
- if node.cause is not None:
- self.write(' from ')
- self.visit(node.cause)
- elif hasattr(node, 'type') and node.type is not None:
- self.visit(node.type)
- if node.inst is not None:
- self.write(', ')
- self.visit(node.inst)
- if node.tback is not None:
- self.write(', ')
- self.visit(node.tback)
- # Expressions
- def visit_Attribute(self, node):
- self.visit(node.value)
- self.write('.' + node.attr)
- def visit_Call(self, node):
- want_comma = []
- def write_comma():
- if want_comma:
- self.write(', ')
- else:
- want_comma.append(True)
- self.visit(node.func)
- self.write('(')
- for arg in node.args:
- write_comma()
- self.visit(arg)
- for keyword in node.keywords:
- write_comma()
- self.write(keyword.arg + '=')
- self.visit(keyword.value)
- if getattr(node, "starargs", None):
- write_comma()
- self.write('*')
- self.visit(node.starargs)
- if getattr(node, "kwargs", None):
- write_comma()
- self.write('**')
- self.visit(node.kwargs)
- self.write(')')
- def visit_Name(self, node):
- self.write(node.id)
- def visit_NameConstant(self, node):
- self.write(str(node.value))
- def visit_arg(self, node):
- self.write(node.arg)
- def visit_Str(self, node):
- self.write(repr(node.s))
- def visit_Bytes(self, node):
- self.write(repr(node.s))
- def visit_Num(self, node):
- self.write(repr(node.n))
- def visit_Tuple(self, node):
- self.write('(')
- idx = -1
- for idx, item in enumerate(node.elts):
- if idx:
- self.write(', ')
- self.visit(item)
- self.write(idx and ')' or ',)')
- def sequence_visit(left, right):
- def visit(self, node):
- self.write(left)
- for idx, item in enumerate(node.elts):
- if idx:
- self.write(', ')
- self.visit(item)
- self.write(right)
- return visit
- visit_List = sequence_visit('[', ']')
- visit_Set = sequence_visit('{', '}')
- del sequence_visit
- def visit_Dict(self, node):
- self.write('{')
- for idx, (key, value) in enumerate(zip(node.keys, node.values)):
- if idx:
- self.write(', ')
- self.visit(key)
- self.write(': ')
- self.visit(value)
- self.write('}')
- def visit_BinOp(self, node):
- self.write('(')
- self.visit(node.left)
- self.write(' %s ' % BINOP_SYMBOLS[type(node.op)])
- self.visit(node.right)
- self.write(')')
- def visit_BoolOp(self, node):
- self.write('(')
- for idx, value in enumerate(node.values):
- if idx:
- self.write(' %s ' % BOOLOP_SYMBOLS[type(node.op)])
- self.visit(value)
- self.write(')')
- def visit_Compare(self, node):
- self.write('(')
- self.visit(node.left)
- for op, right in zip(node.ops, node.comparators):
- self.write(' %s ' % CMPOP_SYMBOLS[type(op)])
- self.visit(right)
- self.write(')')
- def visit_UnaryOp(self, node):
- self.write('(')
- op = UNARYOP_SYMBOLS[type(node.op)]
- self.write(op)
- if op == 'not':
- self.write(' ')
- self.visit(node.operand)
- self.write(')')
- def visit_Subscript(self, node):
- self.visit(node.value)
- self.write('[')
- self.visit(node.slice)
- self.write(']')
- def visit_Slice(self, node):
- if node.lower is not None:
- self.visit(node.lower)
- self.write(':')
- if node.upper is not None:
- self.visit(node.upper)
- if node.step is not None:
- self.write(':')
- if not (isinstance(node.step, Name) and node.step.id == 'None'):
- self.visit(node.step)
- def visit_ExtSlice(self, node):
- for idx, item in node.dims:
- if idx:
- self.write(', ')
- self.visit(item)
- def visit_Yield(self, node):
- self.write('yield ')
- self.visit(node.value)
- def visit_Lambda(self, node):
- self.write('lambda ')
- self.signature(node.args)
- self.write(': ')
- self.visit(node.body)
- def visit_Ellipsis(self, node):
- self.write('Ellipsis')
- def generator_visit(left, right):
- def visit(self, node):
- self.write(left)
- self.visit(node.elt)
- for comprehension in node.generators:
- self.visit(comprehension)
- self.write(right)
- return visit
- visit_ListComp = generator_visit('[', ']')
- visit_GeneratorExp = generator_visit('(', ')')
- visit_SetComp = generator_visit('{', '}')
- del generator_visit
- def visit_DictComp(self, node):
- self.write('{')
- self.visit(node.key)
- self.write(': ')
- self.visit(node.value)
- for comprehension in node.generators:
- self.visit(comprehension)
- self.write('}')
- def visit_IfExp(self, node):
- self.visit(node.body)
- self.write(' if ')
- self.visit(node.test)
- self.write(' else ')
- self.visit(node.orelse)
- def visit_Starred(self, node):
- self.write('*')
- self.visit(node.value)
- def visit_Repr(self, node):
- # XXX: python 2.6 only
- self.write('`')
- self.visit(node.value)
- self.write('`')
- # Helper Nodes
- def visit_alias(self, node):
- self.write(node.name)
- if node.asname is not None:
- self.write(' as ' + node.asname)
- def visit_comprehension(self, node):
- self.write(' for ')
- self.visit(node.target)
- self.write(' in ')
- self.visit(node.iter)
- if node.ifs:
- for if_ in node.ifs:
- self.write(' if ')
- self.visit(if_)
- def visit_excepthandler(self, node):
- self.newline()
- self.write('except')
- if node.type is not None:
- self.write(' ')
- self.visit(node.type)
- if node.name is not None:
- self.write(' as ')
- self.visit(node.name)
- self.write(':')
- self.body(node.body)
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